Maaser Sheni 5

כֶּרֶם רְבָעִי, מְצַיְּנִין אוֹתוֹ בְּקוֹזְזוֹת אֲדָמָה, וְשֶׁל עָרְלָה בְּחַרְסִית, וְשֶׁל קְבָרוֹת בְּסִיד, וּמְמַחֶה וְשׁוֹפֵךְ. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. וְהַצְּנוּעִים מַנִּיחִין אֶת הַמָּעוֹת וְאוֹמְרִים, כָּל הַנִּלְקָט מִזֶּה, יְהֵא מְחֻלָּל עַל הַמָּעוֹת הָאֵלּוּ:

<i>Kerem Revai</i> [fruits in the fourth year after their planting, which are considered sacred], they mark it with clods of earth, and <i>Orlah</i> [fruits in the first three years after their planting, which may not be eaten] with pottery clay, and graves with lime, which he dissolves and pours. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel said: When does this apply? In the Sabbatical year. The conscientious put down coins and say: Any fruit gathered from this [vineyard] will be made into <i>Chulin</i> [non-sacred produce, by transferring their sacredness] to these coins.

כֶּרֶם רְבָעִי הָיָה עוֹלֶה לִירוּשָׁלַיִם מַהֲלַךְ יוֹם אֶחָד לְכָל צָד. וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא תְחוּמָהּ, אֵילַת מִן הַדָּרוֹם וְעַקְרַבַּת מִן הַצָּפוֹן, לוֹד מִן הַמַּעֲרָב וְהַיַּרְדֵּן מִן הַמִּזְרָח. וּמִשֶּׁרַבּוּ הַפֵּרוֹת, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהֵא נִפְדֶּה סָמוּךְ לַחוֹמָה. וּתְנַאי הָיָה הַדָּבָר, שֶׁאֵימָתַי שֶׁיִּרְצוּ, יַחֲזֹר הַדָּבָר לִכְמוֹת שֶׁהָיָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁחָרַב בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, הָיָה הַתְּנַאי הַזֶּה. וּתְנַאי הָיָה, אֵימָתַי שֶׁיִּבָּנֶה בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, יַחֲזֹר הַדָּבָר לִכְמוֹת שֶׁהָיָה:

<i>Kerem Revai</i> was brought to Jerusalem from a radius of a day-long journey. And what is its boundary? From Eilat in the south and Akrabat in the north. From Lod in the west and the Jordan river in the east. And when the produce increased, they decreed that it could be redeemed even up to the wall. And the matter was conditional—that whenever they wanted, the matter would revert to how it was originally. Rabbi Yosi says: This condition was made when the Temple was destroyed, and the condition was that whenever the Temple would be rebuilt, the matter would revert to how it was originally.

כֶּרֶם רְבָעִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵין לוֹ חֹמֶשׁ וְאֵין לוֹ בִעוּר. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יֶשׁ לוֹ. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יֶשׁ לוֹ פֶרֶט וְיֶשׁ לוֹ עוֹלְלוֹת, וְהָעֲנִיִּים פּוֹדִין לְעַצְמָן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, כֻּלּוֹ לַגָּת:

[Regarding] <i>Kerem Revai</i>: Beit Shammai says it does not require an extra fifth [when redeemed] and it does not require removal. Beit Hillel says it does. Beit Shammai says it requires <i>Peret</i> [fallen grapes given to the poor] and <i>Olelot</i> [grapes that do not grow in clusters and are given to the poor], and the poor redeem it for themselves.Beit Hillel says that all of it goes to the wine press.

כֵּיצַד פּוֹדִין נֶטַע רְבָעִי, מַנִּיחַ אֶת הַסַּל עַל פִּי שְׁלֹשָׁה, וְאוֹמֵר, כַּמָּה אָדָם רוֹצֶה לִפְדּוֹת לוֹ בְסֶלַע עַל מְנָת לְהוֹצִיא יְצִיאוֹת מִבֵּיתוֹ. וּמַנִּיחַ אֶת הַמָּעוֹת, וְאוֹמֵר, כָּל הַנִּלְקָט מִזֶּה, מְחֻלָּל עַל הַמָּעוֹת הָאֵלּוּ בְּכָךְ וְכָךְ סַלִּים בְּסָלַע:

How do people redeem <i>Neta Revai</i> [tree fruits in the fourth year after their planting, which are considered sacred]? One sets down the basket [of fruit] in front of three, and says: "How much would a man want to redeem with one <i>Selah</i> [specific unit of money] on condition that the expenditures must come from his household?" One then sets down the coins and says: "Anything harvested from this [tree], will be made into <i>Chulin</i> [by transferring its sacredness] to these coins, at [a rate of] so-and-so many baskets for a <i>Selah</i>.

וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית, פּוֹדֵהוּ בְשָׁוְיוֹ. וְאִם הָיָה הַכֹּל מֻפְקָר, אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא שְׂכַר לְקִיטָה. הַפּוֹדֶה נֶטַע רְבָעִי שֶׁלּוֹ, מוֹסִיף עָלָיו חֲמִשִּׁיתוֹ, בֵּין שֶׁהוּא שֶׁלּוֹ וּבֵין שֶׁנִּתַּן לוֹ בְּמַתָּנָה:

But in the Sabbatical year he must redeem it for its value. And if it was all made <i>Hefker</i> [ownerless property], he can only collect the cost of harvest. One who redeems his <i>Neta Revai</i> adds on a fifth of its value, whether it was his own or given to him as a gift.

עֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל פֶּסַח שֶׁל רְבִיעִית וְשֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית, הָיָה בִעוּר. כֵּיצַד הָיָה בִעוּר, נוֹתְנִין תְּרוּמָה וּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר לַבְּעָלִים, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לִבְעָלָיו, וּמַעֲשַׂר עָנִי לִבְעָלָיו. וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהַבִּכּוּרִים מִתְבַּעֲרִים בְּכָל מָקוֹם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, הַבִּכּוּרִים נִתָּנִין לַכֹּהֲנִים כַּתְּרוּמָה. הַתַּבְשִׁיל, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, צָרִיךְ לְבַעֵר. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, הֲרֵי הוּא כִּמְבֹעָר:

The day before the first holiday day of Passover of the fourth and seventh years of the Sabbatical cycle, there was a removal. How was the removal done? They give the <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption], and <i>Terumat Ma'aser</i> [a portion of the tithes that is given to the priest] to the owners, and <i>Ma'aser Rishon</i> [first tithe, which must be given to the Levite] to its owners, and the poor man's tithe to its owners. And <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> [second tithe, which must be eaten in Jerusalem] and <i>Bikurim</i> [first-fruits that must be given to the priest] require removal everywhere. Rabbi Shimon says: <i>Bikurim</i> are given to the priests like <i>Terumah</i>. Cooked food—the House of Shammai say it must be removed and the House of Hillel say it is as if it has [already] been removed.

מִי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ פֵרוֹת בַּזְּמָן הַזֶּה וְהִגִּיעָה שְׁעַת הַבִּעוּר, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, צָרִיךְ לְחַלְּלָן עַל הַכֶּסֶף. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֶחָד שֶׁהֵן כֶּסֶף וְאֶחָד שֶׁהֵן פֵּרוֹת:

If someone has produce in this age, and the time for removal has come, Beit Shammai say that it must be made into <i>Chulin</i> [by transferring its sacredness] onto silver. But Beit Hillel say that it is the same whether it is silver or produce [and thus nothing is gained by the transfer].

אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ שׁוֹלְחִין אֵצֶל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים שֶׁבַּמְּדִינוֹת, מַהֲרוּ וְהַתְקִינוּ אֶת פֵּרוֹתֵיכֶם עַד שֶׁלֹּא תַגִּיעַ שְׁעַת הַבִּעוּר. עַד שֶׁבָּא רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְלִמֵּד, שֶׁכָּל הַפֵּרוֹת שֶׁלֹּא בָאוּ לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, פְּטוּרִים מִן הַבִּעוּר:

Rabbi Yehuda said: Originally, they would send [messages] to all landowners in the countries saying: "Hurry and fix your produce before the time of removal comes." Until Rabbi Akiva came and taught that all fruit that had not reached the stage of tithes are exempt from removal.

מִי שֶׁהָיוּ פֵרוֹתָיו רְחוֹקִים מִמֶּנּוּ, צָרִיךְ לִקְרוֹא לָהֶם שֵׁם. מַעֲשֶׂה בְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וְהַזְּקֵנִים שֶׁהָיוּ בָאִין בִּסְפִינָה, אָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, עִשּׂוּר שֶׁאֲנִי עָתִיד לָמוֹד, נָתוּן לִיהוֹשֻׁעַ, וּמְקוֹמוֹ מֻשְׂכָּר לוֹ. עִשּׂוּר אַחֵר שֶׁאֲנִי עָתִיד לָמֹד, נָתוּן לַעֲקִיבָא בֶן יוֹסֵף שֶׁיִּזְכֶּה בוֹ לָעֲנִיִּים, וּמְקוֹמוֹ מֻשְׂכָּר לוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, עִשּׂוּר שֶׁאֲנִי עָתִיד לָמוֹד נָתוּן לְאֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, וּמְקוֹמוֹ מֻשְׂכָּר לוֹ. וְנִתְקַבְּלוּ זֶה מִזֶּה שָׂכָר:

Someone whose produce was far away from him, must announce for them a designation. It happened that Rabban Gamliel and the elders were traveling by ship. Rabban Gamliel said: the tenth that I will measure in the future is given to Yehoshua and its location is rented to him. Another tenth that I will measure in the future is given to Akiva ben Yosef so that he will receive it on behalf of the poor and its location is rented to him. Rabbi Yehoshua said: The tenth that I will measure in the future is given to Elazar ben Azaria and its location is rented to him. And they each received payment from the other.

בַּמִּנְחָה בְיוֹם טוֹב הָאַחֲרוֹן הָיוּ מִתְוַדִּין. כֵּיצַד הָיָה הַוִּדּוּי, בִּעַרְתִּי הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִן הַבַּיִת (דברים כו), זֶה מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְנֶטַע רְבָעִי. נְתַתִּיו לַלֵּוִי, זֶה מַעְשַׂר לֵוִי. וְגַם נְתַתִּיו, זוֹ תְּרוּמָה וּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר. לַגֵּר לַיָּתוֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָה, זֶה מַעֲשַׂר עָנִי, הַלֶּקֶט וְהַשִּׁכְחָה וְהַפֵּאָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָן מְעַכְּבִין אֶת הַוִּדּוּי. מִן הַבַּיִת, זוֹ חַלָּה:

By the afternoon of the last festival day, they would make the declaration. How was the declaration made? "I have removed the <i>Kodesh</i> [consecrated material] from the house" (Deuteronomy 26:13)--this is <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> and <i>Neta Revai</i>. "Have given them unto the Levite"--this is <i>Ma'aser Levi</i> [The first tithe of produce, which must be given to the Levi]. "And also I have given it"--this is <i>Terumah</i> and <i>Terumat Ma'aser</i>. "And also to the stranger, to the orphan, and to the widow"--this is the poor man's tithe, <i>Leket</i> [fallen gleanings given to the poor], <i>Shikhecha</i> [forgotten gleanings given to the poor], and <i>Pe'ah</i> [corner of a field given to the poor], even though these do not invalidate the confession [if they have not been given]. "From the house"--this is <i>Challah</i> [dough that must be set aside for the priest].

כְּכָל מִצְוָתְךָ אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתָנִי (שם), הָא אִם הִקְדִּים מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי לָרִאשׁוֹן, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהִתְוַדּוֹת. לֹא עָבַרְתִּי מִמִּצְוֹתֶיךָ, לֹא הִפְרַשְׁתִּי מִמִּין עַל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ, וְלֹא מִן הַתָּלוּשׁ עַל הַמְחֻבָּר, וְלֹא מִן הַמְחֻבָּר עַל הַתָּלוּשׁ, וְלֹא מִן הֶחָדָשׁ עַל הַיָּשָׁן, וְלֹא מִן הַיָּשָׁן עַל הֶחָדָשׁ. וְלֹא שָׁכָחְתִּי, לֹא שָׁכַחְתִּי מִלְּבָרֶכְךָ וּמִלְּהַזְכִּיר שִׁמְךָ עָלָיו:

"Like all of Your commandments that you commanded me" (Deuteronomy 26:13). Thus if one preceded <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> to <i>Ma'aser Rishon</i>, he is not able to recite the confession. "I did not violate Your commandments"--I did not separate [tithes] from one species on behalf of a different species, nor from uprooted produce on behalf of rooted produce, nor from rooted produce on behalf of uprooted produce, nor the <i>Chadash</i> [grain from the current year] on behalf of the <i>Yashan</i>, nor the <i>Yashan</i> on behalf of the <i>Chadash</i>. "I did not forget"--I did not forget to bless You and mention your name for it.

לֹא אָכַלְתִּי בְאֹנִי מִמֶּנּוּ (שם), הָא אִם אֲכָלוֹ בַאֲנִינָה אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהִתְוַדּוֹת. וְלֹא בִעַרְתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ בְּטָמֵא, הָא אִם הִפְרִישׁוֹ בְטֻמְאָה אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהִתְוַדּוֹת. וְלֹא נָתַתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ לְמֵת, לֹא לָקַחְתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ אָרוֹן וְתַכְרִיכִים לְמֵת, וְלֹא נְתַתִּיו לְאוֹנְנִים אֲחֵרִים. שָׁמַעְתִּי בְקוֹל ה' אֱלֹהָי, הֲבֵאתִיו לְבֵית הַבְּחִירָה. עָשִׂיתִי כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתָנִי, שָׂמַחְתִּי וְשִׂמַּחְתִּי בוֹ:

"I have not eaten from it in my mourning" (Deut. 26:14). Thus if he did eat from it in mourning, he cannot confess. "And I have not remove from it in impurity." Thus if he separated it while impure, he cannot confess. "And I did not give from it to the dead"--I did not buy with it a coffin or shrouds for the dead, nor did I give it to other mourners. "I listened to the voice of Hashem my G-d"-- I brought it to the Chosen Temple. "I have done everything that you have commanded me"-- I was joyous, and I caused joy with it.

הַשְׁקִיפָה מִמְּעוֹן קָדְשְׁךָ מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם (דברים טו), עָשִׂינוּ מַה שֶׁגָּזַרְתָּ עָלֵינוּ, אַף אַתָּה עֲשֵׂה מַה שֶׁהִבְטַחְתָּנוּ, הַשְׁקִיפָה מִמְּעוֹן קָדְשְׁךָ מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם וּבָרֵךְ אֶת עַמְּךָ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּבָנִים וּבְבָנוֹת. וְאֵת הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר נָתַתָּה לָנוּ, בְּטַל וּבְמָטָר וּבְוַלְדוֹת בְּהֵמָה. כַּאֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתָּ לַאֲבוֹתֵינוּ אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָשׁ, כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּתֵּן טַעַם בַּפֵּרוֹת:

"Gaze from Your holy abode, from the heavens" (Deut. 26:15). We have done what You decreed upon us, so too You do what You promised us, [to] "gaze from Your holy abode, from the heavens, and bless Your nation, Israel" with sons and daughters. "And the land that You have given us" [bless] with dew and rain and the offspring of cattle. "Just as You have sworn to our forefathers, a land flowing with milk and honey" so that You will give taste to the fruit.

מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ, יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמַמְזֵרִים מִתְוַדִּים, אֲבָל לֹא גֵרִים וְלֹא עֲבָדִים מְשֻׁחְרָרִים, שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם חֵלֶק בָּאָרֶץ. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף לֹא כֹהֲנִים וּלְוִיִּם, שֶׁלֹּא נָטְלוּ חֵלֶק בָּאָרֶץ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, יֵשׁ לָהֶם עָרֵי מִגְרָשׁ:

From this they said, Israelites and bastards confess, but not converts and not freed slaves, for they do not have a portion in the land. Rabbi Meir says, even priests and Levites do not, for they did not take a portion in the land. Rabbi Yosi says, they have cities [with surrounding] open land.

יוֹחָנָן כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל הֶעֱבִיר הוֹדָיוֹת הַמַּעֲשֵׂר. אַף הוּא בִּטֵּל אֶת הַמְעוֹרְרִים, וְאֶת הַנּוֹקְפִים. וְעַד יָמָיו הָיָה פַטִּישׁ מַכֶּה בִירוּשָׁלָיִם, וּבְיָמָיו אֵין אָדָם צָרִיךְ לִשְׁאוֹל עַל הַדְּמָאי:

Yochanan the High Priest dismissed the confessions of the tithe. He also eliminated those who recited the "Wake up" verse and the knockers [of sacrificial calves]. Until his day, the hammer would be striking in Jerusalem. In his day, no one had to ask about <i>Demai</i> [produce from which it is uncertain if tithes were already taken].